2019 Artifacts
Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᓛᑎᓐᑎᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑎᒥᓂᖓ ᐱᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Book cover
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, in the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is leather with embossed borders and lettering. There is no associated paper or other binding material.
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What was this artifact used for?
This is a leather book cover, front and back, embossed with “Stoddard’s Preparatory Latin Book” on its front.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The cover comes from The Preparatory Latin Book; or, easy steps to Latin construing … by Reverend George H. Stoddart of Queen’s College, Oxford University, first published in January 1845. It is unknown if the book was owned by an individual or belonged to the ship’s extensive library.
Book cover
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, in the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is leather with embossed borders and lettering. There is no associated paper or other binding material.
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What was this artifact used for?
This is a leather book cover, front and back, embossed with “Stoddard’s Preparatory Latin Book” on its front.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The cover comes from The Preparatory Latin Book; or, easy steps to Latin construing … by Reverend George H. Stoddart of Queen’s College, Oxford University, first published in January 1845. It is unknown if the book was owned by an individual or belonged to the ship’s extensive library.
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑎᖓ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ, ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᖃᖅᑎᒐᔭᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᓇᕐᔪᐊ ᐳᖅᑐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓕᒃ. ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖅᑕᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᑲᑎᓐᖓᔾᔪᑎᖃᕋᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᖃᖅᑎᒐᔭᒥᑦ ᓯᓚᑎᓕᒃ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ, ᓵᖓ ᑐᓄᐊᓗ, ᐳᖅᑐᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓕᒃ “ᓯᑖᑕᐅᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᖅᓴᐅᑎᖓ ᓛᑕᓐᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ” ᓯᓚᑎᖓ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑎᒥᓂᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᓛᑎᓐᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᖅᓴᐅᑎ; ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓕᒐᕐᓂᖅᑐᑦ ᓛᑎᓐ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓ … ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓱᐃᔨᒧᑦ ᔪᐊᔾ ᕼ. ᓯᑖᑕᐅᑦ−ᒧᑦ, ᑯᐃᓐ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᓴᖅᕕᔾᔪᐊᖓᓂ, ᐊᒥᓱᓕᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᖅ ᔮᓐᓄᐊᕆ 1845-ᒥ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓇᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᒧᑦ.
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑎᖓ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ, ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᖃᖅᑎᒐᔭᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᓇᕐᔪᐊ ᐳᖅᑐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓕᒃ. ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖅᑕᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᑲᑎᓐᖓᔾᔪᑎᖃᕋᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᖃᖅᑎᒐᔭᒥᑦ ᓯᓚᑎᓕᒃ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ, ᓵᖓ ᑐᓄᐊᓗ, ᐳᖅᑐᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓕᒃ “ᓯᑖᑕᐅᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᖅᓴᐅᑎᖓ ᓛᑕᓐᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ” ᓯᓚᑎᖓ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑎᒥᓂᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᓛᑎᓐᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᖅᓴᐅᑎ; ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓕᒐᕐᓂᖅᑐᑦ ᓛᑎᓐ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓ … ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓱᐃᔨᒧᑦ ᔪᐊᔾ ᕼ. ᓯᑖᑕᐅᑦ−ᒧᑦ, ᑯᐃᓐ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᓴᖅᕕᔾᔪᐊᖓᓂ, ᐊᒥᓱᓕᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᖅ ᔮᓐᓄᐊᕆ 1845-ᒥ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓇᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᒧᑦ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᑳᐱᔅᓴᐃᑦ ᖃᖅᑯᐊᒐᐅᔮᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᓯᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᕐᒥ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Coffee beans
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Where was this artifact found?
The coffee beans were found on the lower deck, at the bottom of a drawer, in the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
These are seeds identified as Coffea arabica, also known as Arabian coffee. Based on their appearance, they were probably already fermented and roasted.
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What was this artifact used for?
Then as now, coffee and tea were popular and widely consumed beverages. After roasting, coffee beans were ground in a hand mill. In 1845, the newer method of filtering coffee through a percolator had begun to replace the older method of adding ground coffee directly to boiling water.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Fragments of a highly degraded pewter coffee pot(s) with a wooden handle were recovered from the same area. These beans were probably dropped by accident, as this pantry was certainly also used to store provisions for the captain and-or his officers.
ᑳᐱᔅᓴᐃᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑳᐲᑦ ᓯᖃᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᕐᒥ, ᐊᒧᔫᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ, ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑳᐲᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᓴᐅᓈᖑᒋᐊᖏᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᑳᐱᐊ ᐊᕋᐃᕕᑲ, ᐊᕋᐃᕕᐊᓐᒥᐅᓄᓪᓗ ᑳᐱᑦᓴᔭᐅᔪᑦ. ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐃᒍᓇᖅᓯᐊᖑᕙᒌᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐆᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᐃᒃᓱᒪᓂ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥᑎᑐᑦ, ᑳᐱ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑏ ᒪᒪᕆᔭᐅᒧᑦ ᓂᐅᖅᑲᖅᑕᐅᕕᔾᔪᐊᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᐆᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᑳᐲᑦ ᓯᖁᓪᓗᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᒡᒐᒻᒧᑦ ᓯᖁᓪᓗᐃᑎᒧᑦ. 1845-ᒥ, ᓄᑖᒥᒃ ᑳᐱᓕᐅᕈᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑳᐱᓕᐅᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᑳᐱᖓ ᐃᓛᒃᑰᖓᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᖁᓛᓂ ᐃᒥᖓᑕ. ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ ᑳᐱᔅᓴᖅ ᐃᒥᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑎᔭᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᐸᓐᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑎᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᒥᕐᒥ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓯᖁᓪᓗᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᑳᐱᓕᐅᕈᑎᒥᓃᑦ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᒃ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᑕᒫᓐᖓᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑳᐲᑦ ᐱᔮᖅᑯᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᓈᕕᑦᑕᒥᓂᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᑦ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖃᑦᑕᑐᒃᓴᐅᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐊᓯᖏᑕᓗ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑏᑦ ᓂᕿᖏᓐᓂᑦ.
Observed on HMS Erebus, in the hold
September 2019
ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐴᖓ ᑕᑯᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐅᓯᒃᑯᕕᖓᓂ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Sextant box
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Where was this artifact found?
This lower half of a sextant box has not been recovered. It was documented during remotely-operated vehicle exploration of Erebus’ hold, and likely fell from one of the cabins above.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This artifact is made of an unidentified wood. Boxes for sextants were commonly made of tropical hardwoods like mahogany, with brass hinges and hardware.
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What was this artifact used for?
The keystone shape of this box indicates it held a sextant. A sextant is a navigational instrument shaped like the letter ‘A,’ typically used to measure angles between astronomical objects and the horizon to determine latitude. Sextants were expensive precision instruments, and so were kept in a protective box or case when not in use.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The box appears to be empty and full of sediment, so it is unclear if the sextant was taken by it’s owner when the ship was deserted in April 1848, or if the instrument remains to be discovered in another area of the vessel. A brass sextant was located on the lower deck of Erebus in 2015, which may be associated with this empty box.
Sextant box
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Where was this artifact found?
This lower half of a sextant box has not been recovered. It was documented during remotely-operated vehicle exploration of Erebus’ hold, and likely fell from one of the cabins above.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This artifact is made of an unidentified wood. Boxes for sextants were commonly made of tropical hardwoods like mahogany, with brass hinges and hardware.
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What was this artifact used for?
The keystone shape of this box indicates it held a sextant. A sextant is a navigational instrument shaped like the letter ‘A,’ typically used to measure angles between astronomical objects and the horizon to determine latitude. Sextants were expensive precision instruments, and so were kept in a protective box or case when not in use.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The box appears to be empty and full of sediment, so it is unclear if the sextant was taken by it’s owner when the ship was deserted in April 1848, or if the instrument remains to be discovered in another area of the vessel. A brass sextant was located on the lower deck of Erebus in 2015, which may be associated with this empty box.
ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐴᖓ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᒃᓱᒪ ᐊᓪᓕᖓ ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐳᖓᑕ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᒪᔪ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᓲᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕈᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus) ᐅᓯᒃᑯᕕᖓᓂᑦ, ᑲᑕᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓰᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓐᓂᑦ ᖁᓛᓃᑦᑐᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᒦᓐᖔᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐴᖏᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᔾᔮᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᖅᑯᔪᒦᓐᖔᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᒪᕼᐋᒐᓂᒥᑦ, ᒪᓐᖏᖅᑐᕆᒍᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᕿᕕᖅᑕᐅᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᒪᑐᖏᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐴᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᕐᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᒥᒃ. ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᐄ−ᖑᔮᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᕿᓐᖑᒻᒥᒐᖅᑐᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᔪᖅ (ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ) ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᓱᑯᑦᑎᐊᓃᓕᕐᒪᖔᑖ ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᐅᓪᓗ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᓂᑦ (ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ). ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑭᑐᔪᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᑦᑕᓇᐃᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐴᖃᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐴᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᑑᔮᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓯᐅᕋᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᑕᑕᑦᑐᓂ, ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓇᓐᖏᓚᖅ ᓇᒃᓴᑕᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᓕᒻᒧᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᕿᒪᑦᑕᐅᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐄᐳᕈ 1848-ᒥ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᓱᓕ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓃᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓂᐅᑉ. ᒪᓐᖏᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᔪᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus) 2015-ᒥ, ᐴᕈᑕᕐᒥ. ᐃᓗᓕᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᖃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ.
ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐴᖓ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᒃᓱᒪ ᐊᓪᓕᖓ ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐳᖓᑕ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᒪᔪ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᓲᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕈᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus) ᐅᓯᒃᑯᕕᖓᓂᑦ, ᑲᑕᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓰᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓐᓂᑦ ᖁᓛᓃᑦᑐᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᒦᓐᖔᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐴᖏᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᔾᔮᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᖅᑯᔪᒦᓐᖔᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᒪᕼᐋᒐᓂᒥᑦ, ᒪᓐᖏᖅᑐᕆᒍᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᕿᕕᖅᑕᐅᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᒪᑐᖏᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐴᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᕐᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᒥᒃ. ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᐄ−ᖑᔮᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᕿᓐᖑᒻᒥᒐᖅᑐᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᔪᖅ (ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ) ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᓱᑯᑦᑎᐊᓃᓕᕐᒪᖔᑖ ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᐅᓪᓗ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᓂᑦ (ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ). ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑭᑐᔪᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᑦᑕᓇᐃᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐴᖃᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐴᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᑑᔮᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓯᐅᕋᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᑕᑕᑦᑐᓂ, ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓇᓐᖏᓚᖅ ᓇᒃᓴᑕᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᓕᒻᒧᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᕿᒪᑦᑕᐅᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐄᐳᕈ 1848-ᒥ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᓱᓕ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓃᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓂᐅᑉ. ᒪᓐᖏᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑐᕌᓪᓗᐊᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᔪᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus) 2015-ᒥ, ᐴᕈᑕᕐᒥ. ᐃᓗᓕᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᖃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ.
Observed on HMS Terror, in the Captain's cabin
August 2019
ᐱᖓᓱᓂ ᓂᐅᓕᒃ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᑕᑯᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ (HMS Terror), ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᖓᓂ
ᐋᒡᒌᓯ 2019
Tripod
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Where was this artifact found?
This wooden tripod has not been recovered. It was documented during remotely-operated vehicle exploration of Captain Crozier’s cabin on Terror. The tripod is located on a lower shelf along the port side of the cabin.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The tripod has three hinged wooden legs which support the head. The head has a cylindrical metal fitting to which instruments could be attached. Greenish corrosion indicates that the hinges and fittings are made of a copper alloy, likely brass.
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What was this artifact used for?
This tripod could have supported a variety of instruments used for surveying, astronomy, and natural science, as nearby shelves appear to hold boxes of scientific instruments. The concentration of expensive instruments in the Captain’s cabin illustrates its importance as a centre of shipboard scientific activity. Image 2 shows a tripod supporting a plane table, from A Practical Treatise on Topographical Surveying and Drawing, by William Siborn (1827).
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What do we know about this artifact?
Tripods like this were used to support precision scientific instruments. Sir John Franklin’s instructions from the British Admiralty indicate that the expedition was supplied with numerous scientific instruments. Officers on the Franklin Expedition were dedicated and experienced scientific observers. Captain Crozier, for example, was known for conducting regular observations on terrestrial magnetism during a previous Antarctic voyage with Sir James Clark Ross in 1839–1843.
Tripod
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Where was this artifact found?
This wooden tripod has not been recovered. It was documented during remotely-operated vehicle exploration of Captain Crozier’s cabin on Terror. The tripod is located on a lower shelf along the port side of the cabin.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The tripod has three hinged wooden legs which support the head. The head has a cylindrical metal fitting to which instruments could be attached. Greenish corrosion indicates that the hinges and fittings are made of a copper alloy, likely brass.
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What was this artifact used for?
This tripod could have supported a variety of instruments used for surveying, astronomy, and natural science, as nearby shelves appear to hold boxes of scientific instruments. The concentration of expensive instruments in the Captain’s cabin illustrates its importance as a centre of shipboard scientific activity. Image 2 shows a tripod supporting a plane table, from A Practical Treatise on Topographical Surveying and Drawing, by William Siborn (1827).
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What do we know about this artifact?
Tripods like this were used to support precision scientific instruments. Sir John Franklin’s instructions from the British Admiralty indicate that the expedition was supplied with numerous scientific instruments. Officers on the Franklin Expedition were dedicated and experienced scientific observers. Captain Crozier, for example, was known for conducting regular observations on terrestrial magnetism during a previous Antarctic voyage with Sir James Clark Ross in 1839–1843.
ᐱᖓᓱᓂ ᓂᐅᓕᒃ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᕿᔪᒃ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᓕᒃ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᓲᒃᑰᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᓂᖅᕕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᑯᕉᓲᑉ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᖓ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ. ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᕕᒻᒥ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᕿᕕᖅᑕᐅᑎᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᓕᒃ ᖄᖃᖅᑐᓂᓗ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᖄᖓ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑖᖅ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᕕᐅᔪᖅ. ᑐᖑᔪᕈᔪᒻᒪᑦ ᒪᓐᖏᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᕗᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᕕᖅᑕᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓐᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᑳᐳᒥᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᓪᓗ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒻᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ, ᕿᓪᓕᖅᑐᑦᑕᔭᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ, ᕿᓐᖑᒻᒥᒐᐅᑎᓄᑦ, ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᓂᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᒧᓪᓗ, ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᕖᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑑᔮᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᑦᑎᖅᕕᐅᔭᒦᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᑲᑎᓐᖓᒐᓚᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑭᑐᔪᒥᓂᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑏᑦ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᕗᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 2 ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᑎᕗᖅ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖓ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᕿᓐᖑᒻᒥᒐᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻ ᓯᐳᐊᓐ−ᒧᑦ (1827).
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᑯᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᓄᑦ. ᓲ ᔮᓐ ᕗᕋᐃᓐᖏᓕᓐ ᒪᓕᒋᐊᓕᖏᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᓴᓕᕆᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑦᓴᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᓂᑦ. ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᕗᕋᐃᓐᖏᓚᓐ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓪᓚᕆᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒥᓂᑦ. ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᑯᕉᓱ, ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖓ ᓂᐱᖅᑲᕐᓇᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑖᓄᑦ ᐱᖃᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᓲ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᑲᓛᒃ ᕌᔅ−ᒥᑦ 1839–1843−ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
ᐱᖓᓱᓂ ᓂᐅᓕᒃ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᕿᔪᒃ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᓕᒃ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᓲᒃᑰᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᓂᖅᕕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᑯᕉᓲᑉ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᖓ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ. ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᕕᒻᒥ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᕿᕕᖅᑕᐅᑎᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᓕᒃ ᖄᖃᖅᑐᓂᓗ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᖄᖓ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑖᖅ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᕕᐅᔪᖅ. ᑐᖑᔪᕈᔪᒻᒪᑦ ᒪᓐᖏᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᕗᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᕕᖅᑕᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓐᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᑳᐳᒥᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᓪᓗ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒻᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ, ᕿᓪᓕᖅᑐᑦᑕᔭᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖅ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ, ᕿᓐᖑᒻᒥᒐᐅᑎᓄᑦ, ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᓂᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᒧᓪᓗ, ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᕖᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑑᔮᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᑦᑎᖅᕕᐅᔭᒦᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᑲᑎᓐᖓᒐᓚᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑭᑐᔪᒥᓂᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑏᑦ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᕗᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 2 ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᑎᕗᖅ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᖓ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᕿᓐᖑᒻᒥᒐᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻ ᓯᐳᐊᓐ−ᒧᑦ (1827).
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᑯᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᑯᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᓄᑦ. ᓲ ᔮᓐ ᕗᕋᐃᓐᖏᓕᓐ ᒪᓕᒋᐊᓕᖏᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᓴᓕᕆᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑦᓴᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᓂᑦ. ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᕗᕋᐃᓐᖏᓚᓐ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓪᓚᕆᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒥᓂᑦ. ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᑯᕉᓱ, ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖓ ᓂᐱᖅᑲᕐᓇᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑖᓄᑦ ᐱᖃᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᓲ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᑲᓛᒃ ᕌᔅ−ᒥᑦ 1839–1843−ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
Observed on HMS Terror, in the Captain's cabin
August 2019
ᓯᓚᒥᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑏᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ (HMS Terror), ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᖓᓂ
ᐋᒡᒌᓯ 2019
Meteorological instruments
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Where was this artifact found?
These meteorological instruments were observed during remotely-operated vehicle exploration of Captain Crozier’s cabin on Terror in August 2019, mounted on the side of a cupboard marked as a “Pantry” in a plan of the ship from 1837.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The frames of these instruments are made of a copper alloy, likely brass, while the vertical glass tubes would have contained mercury or alcohol. Brass was the preferred material for scientific instruments, as it was less susceptible to distortion caused by local environmental changes than wood.
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What was this artifact used for?
These artifacts were used for gathering meteorological data including air temperature, and possibly humidity and atmospheric pressure. Royal Navy expeditions to the Arctic recorded meteorological observations at fixed times every day, and logged them in the ship’s meteorological journal.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The artifact on the left appears to be a thermometer. Royal Navy expeditions carried numerous thermometers, mounted at various locations inside and outside the ship. The artifact on the right has two vertical glass tubes. It may be a sympiesometer, used for measuring changes in atmospheric pressure, a wet and dry thermometer, used for measuring humidity, or possibly a maximum and minimum thermometer to register extremes of temperature.
ᓯᓚᒥᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑏᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓯᓚᒥᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᒥᓃᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᓲᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕈᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑳᑉᑕᓐ ᑯᕉᓲᑉ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᖓᓂᑦ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ (Terror) ᐋᒡᒌᓯ 2019-ᒥ, ᐊᕙᓗᒧᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᕕᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᒋᓯᒪᔪᒥ “ᓂᕿᒃᑯᕕᒃ” ᓴᓇᔭᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᓃᑦ 1837−ᒥ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑭᓪᓕᖏᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑏᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑳᐳᒥᒃ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᕿᓪᓕᖅᑐᑦᓴᔭ, ᑕᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᒪᑭᑕᔪᑦ ᐊᓕᒍᐃᑦ ᓱᓪᓗᓖᑦ ᒨᑯᕆᖃᖅᑐᑦᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒻᒥᑦ. ᑭᓪᓕᖅᑐᑦᓴᔭᐃᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐃᑦ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᓛᒥᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᓯᔾᔨᑕᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᕿᔪᓐᓂᒃ ᓯᓚ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᑕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓯᓚ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᕐᒪᖓᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖃᑦᑕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓂᓪᓚᓱᓂᖓ ᐅᖅᑰᓂᖓᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᕿᐅᒃᑲᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᖅᑐᓂᖓᓗ. ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᓯᓚ ᖃᓄᐃᒻᒪᖓᖅ ᑕᑯᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᑕᕝᕙᓂᒃᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓯᕿᓐᖑᔭᖓ ᓈᒻᒪᒃᓯᒐᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᓪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᒥᒃᓵᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᕕᖓᓄᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᓴᐅᒥᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᐆᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᓪᓕᓇᕐᓂᒥᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᔮᖅᑐᖅ. ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓇᒃᓴᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂ ᐃᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᓯᓚᑖᓂᓗ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᑕᓕᖅᐱᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓕᒍᓕᒃ ᓱᓪᓗᓖᓐᓂᒃ ᒪᑭᑕᔫᓐᓂᒃ. ᓯᓚ ᐱᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᓯᓚᕈᔫᕈᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᕐᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᖅ, ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐳᓪᓚᖅᑐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᖃᐅᓯᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐸᓂᖅᑐᒧᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐆᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᓂᓪᓕᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎ, ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᖃᐅᓯᕐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᓂᓪᓚᓱᕖᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐅᖅᑰᕖᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎ.
Observed on HMS Terror, on upper deck
August 2019
ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑕᓕᖅᐱᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑕᑯᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ (HMS Terror), ᖁᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ
ᐋᒡᒌᓯ 2019
Flag locker
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Where was this artifact found?
Two flag lockers were observed during archaeological dives on Terror in 2019. They are located behind the water closets on either side of the upper deck, at the stern of the ship.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The lockers are made of wood. They have curved roofs which slope down to the taffrail, with small square niches visible inside. A hinge suggests they once had doors.
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What was this artifact used for?
The small niches suggest these lockers were used to store flags. In addition to naval ensigns, Royal Navy ships carried signal flags to communicate with other vessels. Image 2 shows Erebus signalling to Terror on June 4, 1845, and comes from the collections of the National Library of Australia.
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What do we know about this artifact?
These lockers do not appear in any plans of Terror, but their locations at the very stern of the ship, in an area known as the quarterdeck, supports their identification as flag lockers. The quarterdeck was an area reserved for the captain and officers of the watch, who were in charge of signaling other vessels. Henry Le Vesconte, Second Lieutenant of Erebus, is shown holding a signal book in a daguerreotype image taken shortly before the expedition departed. You can view the portrait here.
Flag locker
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Where was this artifact found?
Two flag lockers were observed during archaeological dives on Terror in 2019. They are located behind the water closets on either side of the upper deck, at the stern of the ship.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The lockers are made of wood. They have curved roofs which slope down to the taffrail, with small square niches visible inside. A hinge suggests they once had doors.
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What was this artifact used for?
The small niches suggest these lockers were used to store flags. In addition to naval ensigns, Royal Navy ships carried signal flags to communicate with other vessels. Image 2 shows Erebus signalling to Terror on June 4, 1845, and comes from the collections of the National Library of Australia.
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What do we know about this artifact?
These lockers do not appear in any plans of Terror, but their locations at the very stern of the ship, in an area known as the quarterdeck, supports their identification as flag lockers. The quarterdeck was an area reserved for the captain and officers of the watch, who were in charge of signaling other vessels. Henry Le Vesconte, Second Lieutenant of Erebus, is shown holding a signal book in a daguerreotype image taken shortly before the expedition departed. You can view the portrait here.
ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕖᒃ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ (Terror) 2019-ᒥ. ᑕᒫᓃᑦᑑᒃ ᐃᒥᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᑦᑕᖏᑕ ᑐᓄᐊᓂ ᓴᓂᕋᖏᓐᓂ ᖁᓛᓂ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᖁᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕖᒃ ᕿᔫᒃ. ᖄᖏᒃ ᓂᐅᖓᔫᒃ ᐅᕕᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖁᐊᓂ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᒥᑭᔫᑎᓂᒃ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᒃᑯᕕᖃᖅᑐᓂ. ᕿᕕᖅᑕᐅᑎᖃᕐᒪᑦ ᒪᑐᓕᒥᓂᐅᔪᒃᓴᐅᕗᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᒥᑭᔫᑎᑦ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᒃᑯᕖᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᒥᓂᐅᔮᖅᐳᑦ. ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅᓯᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒡᒋᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᖃᖅᐸᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᖅᓵᕆᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᒃ. ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 2 ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᕗᖅ ᐃᐊᕋᐸᔅ−ᒥᑦ (Erebus) ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᖅᓵᕆᔪᒥᒃ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥᒃ ᔫᓂ 4, 1845-ᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ ᑕᐃᑲᓐᖔᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᐊᑦᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐋᔅᑐᕋᐃᓕᐊᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑕ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᖅᕕᖓᓄᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕖᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᖏᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᐅᕈ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓕᐊᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᕐᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐃᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᖁᓪᓚᕆᖓᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒻᒪᑕ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᖃᖅᕕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᖁᐊᑕ ᖄᖓ ᐃᓂᒋᔭᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᑲᑉᑕᓐᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᔨᐅᔪᓄᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᖅᓵᕆᔨᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᒃ. ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓄᕆ ᓚ ᕕᔅᑳᓐᑎ, ᓘᑎᓇᓐᖓᑕ ᑐᖏᓕᐊ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus), ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᔪᖅ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᖅᓵᕆᔪᖅ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᕐᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ ᐅᕙᓂ ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᓯ (ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ).
ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕖᒃ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ (Terror) 2019-ᒥ. ᑕᒫᓃᑦᑑᒃ ᐃᒥᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᑦᑕᖏᑕ ᑐᓄᐊᓂ ᓴᓂᕋᖏᓐᓂ ᖁᓛᓂ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᖁᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕖᒃ ᕿᔫᒃ. ᖄᖏᒃ ᓂᐅᖓᔫᒃ ᐅᕕᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖁᐊᓂ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᒥᑭᔫᑎᓂᒃ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᒃᑯᕕᖃᖅᑐᓂ. ᕿᕕᖅᑕᐅᑎᖃᕐᒪᑦ ᒪᑐᓕᒥᓂᐅᔪᒃᓴᐅᕗᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᒥᑭᔫᑎᑦ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᒃᑯᕖᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᒥᓂᐅᔮᖅᐳᑦ. ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅᓯᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒡᒋᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᖃᖅᐸᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᖅᓵᕆᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᒃ. ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 2 ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᕗᖅ ᐃᐊᕋᐸᔅ−ᒥᑦ (Erebus) ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᖅᓵᕆᔪᒥᒃ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥᒃ ᔫᓂ 4, 1845-ᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ ᑕᐃᑲᓐᖔᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᐊᑦᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐋᔅᑐᕋᐃᓕᐊᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑕ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᖅᕕᖓᓄᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᕖᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᖏᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᐅᕈ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓕᐊᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᕐᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐃᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᖁᓪᓚᕆᖓᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒻᒪᑕ ᓴᐃᒻᒪᑎᖃᖅᕕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᖁᐊᑕ ᖄᖓ ᐃᓂᒋᔭᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᑲᑉᑕᓐᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᔨᐅᔪᓄᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᖅᓵᕆᔨᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᒃ. ᕼᐃᐊᓐᓄᕆ ᓚ ᕕᔅᑳᓐᑎ, ᓘᑎᓇᓐᖓᑕ ᑐᖏᓕᐊ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus), ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᔪᖅ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᖅᓵᕆᔪᖅ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᕐᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ ᐅᕙᓂ ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᓯ (ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ).
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐱᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂᑦ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Ink bottle
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Where was this artifact found?
This ink bottle was found on Erebus’ lower deck, near the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made of Derbyshire brown salt glaze coarse stoneware. This ink bottle has a cylindrical body with steep shoulder, short neck and wide lip.
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What was this artifact used for?
These storage containers were often used to fill smaller ink bottles or inkwells.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The bottle is stamped “WARRANTED NOT TO ABSORB”, “J. BOURNE”, “PATENTED”, “DERBY-CODNOR PARK” (for DERBY-CODNOR PARK potteries). The bottle was corked when found and contained a thick black liquid that is currently under analysis.
Ink bottle
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Where was this artifact found?
This ink bottle was found on Erebus’ lower deck, near the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made of Derbyshire brown salt glaze coarse stoneware. This ink bottle has a cylindrical body with steep shoulder, short neck and wide lip.
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What was this artifact used for?
These storage containers were often used to fill smaller ink bottles or inkwells.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The bottle is stamped “WARRANTED NOT TO ABSORB”, “J. BOURNE”, “PATENTED”, “DERBY-CODNOR PARK” (for DERBY-CODNOR PARK potteries). The bottle was corked when found and contained a thick black liquid that is currently under analysis.
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᔪᖅ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ (Erebus) ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ, ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᒃᑯᕕᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑑᐱᓴᐃᔪᒥᑦ (Derbyshire) ᑲᔫᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᖅ ᓯᐅᕋᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓕᒍᖓ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑕᑭᕈᔪᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓗᖁᖅᑐᓂ ᐹᖓ ᐊᖏᔫᓪᓗᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕖᑦ ᒥᑭᔫᑕᐅᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᑯᕕᓐᓄᑦ ᑯᕕᔭᒐᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᒥᓱᑦᑎᖅᕕᓐᓄᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᕕᒋᓯᒪᔪᖅ “ᐅᑎᖅᑎᒐᒃᓴᖅ ᐃᑦᑕᓲᖑᑉᐸᑦ, ᐃᑦᑕᒍᓐᓇᖏᓪᓚᕆᑦᑐᖅ”, “ᔭᐃ. ᕗᐊᓐ”, “ᐊᔪᕆᑦᑕᐅᔭᐃᒃᑯᑎᓕᒃ”, “ᑑᕕ−ᑳᑦᓄᐊ ᐹᒃ” (ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᑑᕕ−ᑳᓐᑐᐊ ᐊᓕᒍᓕᐅᖅᑏᑦ). ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᒪᑐᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᓂᓗ ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑕᒥᒃ ᐃᒪᒥᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᑭᓲᒻᒪᖓᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᒫᓐᓇ.
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᔪᖅ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ (Erebus) ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ, ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᒃᑯᕕᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑑᐱᓴᐃᔪᒥᑦ (Derbyshire) ᑲᔫᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᖅ ᓯᐅᕋᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓕᒍᖓ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᑕᑭᕈᔪᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓗᖁᖅᑐᓂ ᐹᖓ ᐊᖏᔫᓪᓗᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕖᑦ ᒥᑭᔫᑕᐅᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᑯᕕᓐᓄᑦ ᑯᕕᔭᒐᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᒥᓱᑦᑎᖅᕕᓐᓄᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᕕᒋᓯᒪᔪᖅ “ᐅᑎᖅᑎᒐᒃᓴᖅ ᐃᑦᑕᓲᖑᑉᐸᑦ, ᐃᑦᑕᒍᓐᓇᖏᓪᓚᕆᑦᑐᖅ”, “ᔭᐃ. ᕗᐊᓐ”, “ᐊᔪᕆᑦᑕᐅᔭᐃᒃᑯᑎᓕᒃ”, “ᑑᕕ−ᑳᑦᓄᐊ ᐹᒃ” (ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᑑᕕ−ᑳᓐᑐᐊ ᐊᓕᒍᓕᐅᖅᑏᑦ). ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᒪᑐᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᓂᓗ ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑕᒥᒃ ᐃᒪᒥᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᑭᓲᒻᒪᖓᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᒫᓐᓇ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᓴᒃᑯᕕᒃ ᐱᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂᑦ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Mustard pot
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Where was this artifact found?
This mustard pot was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, within the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made of fine white earthenware and is labelled “PREPARED MUSTARD”.
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What was this artifact used for?
Like today, prepared mustard was used as a ready-to-go condiment for meals aboard the Erebus and Terror. This small pot may have been part of the Captain’s or the officers’ personal or mess supplies.
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What do we know about this artifact?
According to Royal Navy archival records, both Erebus and Terror were stocked with 500 lbs. of mustard at the start of the expedition.
Mustard pot
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Where was this artifact found?
This mustard pot was discovered on the lower deck of Erebus, within the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made of fine white earthenware and is labelled “PREPARED MUSTARD”.
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What was this artifact used for?
Like today, prepared mustard was used as a ready-to-go condiment for meals aboard the Erebus and Terror. This small pot may have been part of the Captain’s or the officers’ personal or mess supplies.
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What do we know about this artifact?
According to Royal Navy archival records, both Erebus and Terror were stocked with 500 lbs. of mustard at the start of the expedition.
ᒪᔅᑐᑦᒧᑦ ᐴᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᒪᔅᑐᑦᒧᑦ ᐴᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᒃᑯᕕᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᖃᓕᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᓂᒃ ᓯᐅᕋᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂ “ᐸᓂᖅᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᖃᓕᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᒪᔅᑐᑦ”.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐅᓪᓗᒥᑎᑐᑦ ᐸᓂᖅᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᖃᓕᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒪᔅᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᓂᕿᓕᐊᖑᔪᓄᑦ ᒪᒪᖅᓴᐅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ (Terror). ᑖᓐᓇ ᐴᕋᓛᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᒃᓴᐅᔪᖅ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐊᓯᐊᑕᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖑᖃᑕᐅᔫᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᖁᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓂᕿᒃᓴᖁᑎᖏᓐᓄᓘᓐᓃᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᖁᑎᖏᑕ ᑐᖅᑯᖅᓯᒪᔪᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ (Erebus) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ (Terrror) ᐅᓯᔪᒥᓂᐅᔫᒃ 500 ᐸᐅᓐᓂᒃ ᒪᔅᑐᑦᒥᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᑎᓪᓗᒋ.
ᒪᔅᑐᑦᒧᑦ ᐴᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᒪᔅᑐᑦᒧᑦ ᐴᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus), ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᒃᑯᕕᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᖃᓕᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᓂᒃ ᓯᐅᕋᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂ “ᐸᓂᖅᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᖃᓕᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᒪᔅᑐᑦ”.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐅᓪᓗᒥᑎᑐᑦ ᐸᓂᖅᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᖃᓕᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒪᔅᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᓂᕿᓕᐊᖑᔪᓄᑦ ᒪᒪᖅᓴᐅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ−ᒥ (Terror). ᑖᓐᓇ ᐴᕋᓛᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᒃᓴᐅᔪᖅ ᑳᑉᑕᓐᖓᑕ ᐊᓯᐊᑕᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖑᖃᑕᐅᔫᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᖁᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓂᕿᒃᓴᖁᑎᖏᓐᓄᓘᓐᓃᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᖁᑎᖏᑕ ᑐᖅᑯᖅᓯᒪᔪᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ (Erebus) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕈᕐ (Terrror) ᐅᓯᔪᒥᓂᐅᔫᒃ 500 ᐸᐅᓐᓂᒃ ᒪᔅᑐᑦᒥᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᑎᓪᓗᒋ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐊᓘᑎᕋᓛᖅ ᐱᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥᑦ (HMS Erebus), ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂᑦ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Teaspoon
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Where was this artifact found?
This teaspoon was found on the lower deck of Erebus, near the presumed Third Lieutenant’s cabin.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made of silver-plated copper alloy, more specifically electroplated nickel silver (EPNS). This teaspoon bears three or four illegible symbols/letters on the underside of the handle, which may be maker’s marks. This example may also show a family crest which could be revealed following careful cleaning by a Parks Canada conservator.
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What was this artifact used for?
Each officer on the expedition was required to supply personal silverware, as part of their mess supplies.
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What do we know about this artifact?
In his letters to family members one can appreciate the struggles Assistant Surgeon Harry Goodsir endured to procure everything he needed for the expedition, and in particular the expensive silverware sets.
Teaspoon
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Where was this artifact found?
This teaspoon was found on the lower deck of Erebus, near the presumed Third Lieutenant’s cabin.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made of silver-plated copper alloy, more specifically electroplated nickel silver (EPNS). This teaspoon bears three or four illegible symbols/letters on the underside of the handle, which may be maker’s marks. This example may also show a family crest which could be revealed following careful cleaning by a Parks Canada conservator.
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What was this artifact used for?
Each officer on the expedition was required to supply personal silverware, as part of their mess supplies.
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What do we know about this artifact?
In his letters to family members one can appreciate the struggles Assistant Surgeon Harry Goodsir endured to procure everything he needed for the expedition, and in particular the expensive silverware sets.
ᐊᓘᑎᕋᓛᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓘᑎᕋᓛᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus) ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᐱᖓᔪᖓᓄᑦ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᑦᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔫᑉ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑳᐳᒥᒃ ᐃᓗᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᕿᕐᓕᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒻᒥᒃ ᖄᖃᖅᑐᓂ, ᓱᑲᓐᓇᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᖄᓕᖅᑕᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓘᑎᕋᓛᖅ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᑎᓴᒪᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓕᒃ/ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓕᒃ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ, ᓴᓇᔪᒥᓂᐅᑉ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᕆᔪᑦᓴᐅᔭᖓ. ᐅᓇ ᐆᑦᑐᕋᐅᑎ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖓᓂᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᕈᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᓱᑦ ᓴᓗᒻᒪᑦᓴᖅᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᑐᐊᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᑦᑕᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᕐᓂᒃ ᓱᕋᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᑎᔨᖓᓄᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑕᐅᔪᓂ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᒡᒍᑎᓕᒫᖏᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᓇᒃᓴᕆᐊᓕᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᓂᕆᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᖁᐊᖏᑕ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᒥᓄᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᑐᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᒥᓂᖓ ᐱᓚᑦᑐᐃᔨᐅᑉ ᑐᖏᓕᐊ ᕼᐅᕆ ᒍᑦᓲ, ᓈᒻᒪᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᓇᒃᓴᕋᕋᓱᐊᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᑭᑐᓂᖏᑦ ᓂᕆᔾᔪᑎᕈᓘᔭᐃᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐃᑦ ᕿᕐᓕᖅᑐᑦ.
ᐊᓘᑎᕋᓛᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓘᑎᕋᓛᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ−ᒥ (Erebus) ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᐱᖓᔪᖓᓄᑦ ᓘᑎᐊᓇᑦᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᔫᑉ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑳᐳᒥᒃ ᐃᓗᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᕿᕐᓕᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒻᒥᒃ ᖄᖃᖅᑐᓂ, ᓱᑲᓐᓇᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᖄᓕᖅᑕᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᓘᑎᕋᓛᖅ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᑎᓴᒪᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓕᒃ/ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓕᒃ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ, ᓴᓇᔪᒥᓂᐅᑉ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᕆᔪᑦᓴᐅᔭᖓ. ᐅᓇ ᐆᑦᑐᕋᐅᑎ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖓᓂᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᕈᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᓱᑦ ᓴᓗᒻᒪᑦᓴᖅᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᑐᐊᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᑦᑕᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᕐᓂᒃ ᓱᕋᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᑎᔨᖓᓄᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑕᐅᔪᓂ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᒡᒍᑎᓕᒫᖏᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᓇᒃᓴᕆᐊᓕᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᓂᕆᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᖁᐊᖏᑕ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᒥᓄᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᑐᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᒥᓂᖓ ᐱᓚᑦᑐᐃᔨᐅᑉ ᑐᖏᓕᐊ ᕼᐅᕆ ᒍᑦᓲ, ᓈᒻᒪᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᓇᒃᓴᕋᕋᓱᐊᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᑭᑐᓂᖏᑦ ᓂᕆᔾᔪᑎᕈᓘᔭᐃᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐃᑦ ᕿᕐᓕᖅᑐᑦ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (HMS Erebus), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Square bottle
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, within the suspected Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This square lobate bottle with a wide opening is made of light green glass. The cork is made of corkwood.
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What was this artifact used for?
Glass bottles with wide openings were typically used for solid contents, such as condiments. This example was found empty.
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What do we know about this artifact?
A similar bottle sits on a shelf at the base of the stern gallery of Terror’s Captain’s cabin.
Square bottle
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, within the suspected Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This square lobate bottle with a wide opening is made of light green glass. The cork is made of corkwood.
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What was this artifact used for?
Glass bottles with wide openings were typically used for solid contents, such as condiments. This example was found empty.
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What do we know about this artifact?
A similar bottle sits on a shelf at the base of the stern gallery of Terror’s Captain’s cabin.
ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑉ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᖅ ᐳᓪᓚᐅᔭ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᐹᖅᑯᑦᑐᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᔭᐅᔭᖅ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖓ. ᒪᑐᖓ ᐊᕿᑦᑐᔪᐊᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᔪᔭ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐊᓕᒍᐃᑦ ᐴᕈᑕᐃᑦ ᐹᖅᑐᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓐᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐆᔪᖅᓯᐅᑏᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇᓕ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᓚᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᒍᑎᐅᔪᖅ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᔾᔨᒐᓚᖓ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᕕᒻᒦᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖅᑯᐊᓂ ᑎᐅᕈᑉ (Terror) ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ.
ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑉ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᑦᑐᖅ ᐳᓪᓚᐅᔭ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᐹᖅᑯᑦᑐᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᔭᐅᔭᖅ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖓ. ᒪᑐᖓ ᐊᕿᑦᑐᔪᐊᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᔪᔭ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐊᓕᒍᐃᑦ ᐴᕈᑕᐃᑦ ᐹᖅᑐᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓐᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐆᔪᖅᓯᐅᑏᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇᓕ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᓚᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᒍᑎᐅᔪᖅ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᔾᔨᒐᓚᖓ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᕕᒻᒦᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖅᑯᐊᓂ ᑎᐅᕈᑉ (Terror) ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓐᖑᐊᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (HMS Erebus), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Candle lamp
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Where was this artifact found?
These two lamp parts were discovered on the lower deck, within the presumed Third Lieutenant’s cabin.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The lamp body and its associated gimbal are made of brass.
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What was this artifact used for?
This type of candle lamp was affixed to the walls of the officers’ cabins, and used to provide light on a day to day basis.
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What do we know about this artifact?
A comparable lamp is depicted in an artistic representation of Commander Fitzjames’ cabin, published in the Illustrated London News, 1845. The artefact has a maker’s plaque stating it was “For the Metallic Wick Candles” and made by “Palmer & CO. Makers - London”.
Researcher Peter Carney’s blog describes how candle lamps may have been fitted and used on HMS Erebus: http://erebusandterrorfiles.blogspot.com/2014/10/interior-details-of-hms-erebus.html
ᐸᑎᐅᔭ ᓇᓂᕈᐊᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᑯᐊ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓇᓂᕉᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒃ ᖁᓛᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᓘᑕᓇᐅᑉ ᐱᖓᔪᐊᑕ ᐃᓪᓘᔭᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓇᓂᕈᐊᑉ ᑎᒥᖓ ᐃᓚᑦᓴᔭᖏᓪᓗ ᕿᓪᓕᖅᓴᒐᓪᓂᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐃᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐅᑯᐊ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᐃᑦᑐᑦ ᐸᑎᐅᔭᔭᐃᑦ ᓇᓂᕉᑏᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᒥᐅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓪᓘᔭᖏᑕ ᑲᒪᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ, ᖃᐅᒪᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᔾᔨᒐᓚᖓ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᓂᕉᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᒥᑦᓯᒐᓚᖓ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᕕᑦᔭᐃᒻᔅ (Fitzjames) ᐃᓪᓘᔭᖓᑕ, ᓴᖅᑭᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦᓴᖏᓐᓂ Illustrated London News, 1845−ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᓯᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓴᓇᔪᒥᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ “ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᕿᓪᓕᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᒪᓂᓖᑦ ᐸᑎᐅᔭᐃᑦ” ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓂᖁᐃᑦ ᐅᑯᓄᖓ “Palmer & CO. Makers - London”.
ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎ ᐲᑕ ᑳᕐᓂ (Peter Carney ) ᑎᑎᖃᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᐃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐸᑎᐅᔭᔭᐃᑦ ᓇᓂᕈᑏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ : http://erebusandterrorfiles.blogspot.com/2014/10/interior-details-of-hms-erebus.html
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎ ᕿᔪᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (HMS Erebus), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Wooden box
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, within the suspected Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The box is made of turned wood.
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What was this artifact used for?
The box’s contents were first revealed by x-radiography. It contained three Royal Navy officer buttons as well as a fourth button decorated with a crown.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This box and the buttons it contained likely belonged to an officer.
Wooden box
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, within the suspected Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The box is made of turned wood.
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What was this artifact used for?
The box’s contents were first revealed by x-radiography. It contained three Royal Navy officer buttons as well as a fourth button decorated with a crown.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This box and the buttons it contained likely belonged to an officer.
ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎ ᕿᔪᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑉ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᖅ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᒋᐊᓐᖓᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᕐᕋᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᑦ. ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᖅᓴᖏᑕ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑏᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᖓᓪᓗ ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑦ ᓂᐊᖂᓯᓐᖑᐊᖅᑕᖃᖅᑐᓂ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎ ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑏᓪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐱᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᒪᔨᒻᒪᕆᒻᒧᑦ.
ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎ ᕿᔪᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑉ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᖅ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᒋᐊᓐᖓᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᕐᕋᖅᑑᑎᒃᑯᑦ. ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᖅᓴᖏᑕ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑏᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᖓᓪᓗ ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑦ ᓂᐊᖂᓯᓐᖑᐊᖅᑕᖃᖅᑐᓂ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᓗᓕᖁᑎ ᐃᓯᕆᐅᑏᓪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐱᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᒪᔨᒻᒪᕆᒻᒧᑦ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᓱᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (HMS Erebus), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Feather or quill
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
It is made from a feather.
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What was this artifact used for?
The tip of the sharpened quill is dipped into an inkwell to write on paper.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Feather quills for writing usually came from geese. A number of ink bottles have been found on the wreck of Erebus.
ᓱᓗ ᐅᒡᕙᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑉ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᒪᔪᖅ ᑖᓐᓇ ᓱᓗᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐃᓱᐊ ᐃᐱᑦᓴᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᓱᓘᑉ ᒥᓱᑦᑕᐅᓲᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᒪᓕᒻᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕈᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓱᓗᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕈᑎᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᓂᕐᓕᒧᑦ ᓱᓘᒐᔪᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᑎᑎᕋᐅᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᑦᓴᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᓕᒍᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus).
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᒪᓕᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (HMS Erebus), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Nib and pen
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The nib is made of copper-plated iron and the pen is made of ivory with a threaded end.
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What was this artifact used for?
The nib would have been fitted onto a pen, and the pen would have had an attached nib. Both were found within a set of writing and drawing implements.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Although the nib and pen were found in close association, they do not fit together and therefore are not from the same artefact.
Nib and pen
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Where was this artifact found?
On the lower deck, within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The nib is made of copper-plated iron and the pen is made of ivory with a threaded end.
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What was this artifact used for?
The nib would have been fitted onto a pen, and the pen would have had an attached nib. Both were found within a set of writing and drawing implements.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Although the nib and pen were found in close association, they do not fit together and therefore are not from the same artefact.
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑉ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᓚᑎᖓ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓪᓕ ᐃᒪᓕᒃ ᑐᒑᕐᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᖅ ᓄᕕᕕᓕᒃ ᐃᓱᐊ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ ᐃᕕᖅᑎᒍᒫᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓᓄᑦ, ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓪᓗ ᐋᖅᑭᕕᐅᒍᒫᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒻᒧᑦ ᓄᕗᓕᒻᒧᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒃ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕈᑎᓄᓪᓗ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᒪᓕᒃ ᖃᓂᒌᑎᓪᓗᒋᒃ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒐᓗᐊᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᓐᖏᑦᑑᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᒃᓂᑖᒃ ᐃᕕᖅᑎᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᒍᓐᓇᖏᒻᒪᑎᒃ.
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᖓᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑉ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᓚᑎᖓ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓪᓕ ᐃᒪᓕᒃ ᑐᒑᕐᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᖅ ᓄᕕᕕᓕᒃ ᐃᓱᐊ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ ᐃᕕᖅᑎᒍᒫᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᑎᒍᒻᒥᕕᖓᓄᑦ, ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓪᓗ ᐋᖅᑭᕕᐅᒍᒫᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒻᒧᑦ ᓄᕗᓕᒻᒧᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒃ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕈᑎᓄᓪᓗ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓄᕗᓕᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᒪᓕᒃ ᖃᓂᒌᑎᓪᓗᒋᒃ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒐᓗᐊᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᓐᖏᑦᑑᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᒃᓂᑖᒃ ᐃᕕᖅᑎᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᒍᓐᓇᖏᒻᒪᑎᒃ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (HMS Erebus), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Pencil
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Where was this artifact found?
In a pencil case on the lower deck, within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The pencil is made of wood with a graphite core.
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What was this artifact used for?
It is part of a set of writing and drawing implements.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This artefact bears the inscription “[WARRANTED] PURE CUMBERLAND LEAD BY S. MORDAN & CO. LONDON” and was manufactured on City Road, London. According to the manufacturer, these pencils were being used by renowned architects, engineers, and artists; thus they would have been suitable for the science work conducted aboard Erebus.
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᖃᐅᒻᒦᑦᑐᓂ ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᖅ, ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑳᐱᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᑕ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑎᖓ ᕿᔫᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓗᐊ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᐃᓲᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᖅ ᐊᕿᑦᑐᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕈᑎᓄᓪᓗ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓕᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ “[WARRANTED] PURE CUMBERLAND LEAD BY S. MORDAN & CO. LONDON” ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑎᓕᒻᒥ ᓄᓇᓕᐸᐅᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖓᓂ, ᓚᓐᑕᓐᒥ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᓴᓇᔪᒥᓃᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᓕᐊᖑᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᒻᒪᕆᓐᓄᑦ, ᓴᓇᔨᒻᒪᕆᓐᓄᑦ, ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᓄᓪᓗ; ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᒥᓂᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒻᒪᕆᓐᓄᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus).
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐊᕿᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (HMS Erebus), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Slate pencil
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Where was this artifact found?
Fifteen slate pencils were found on the lower deck within the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The artefact is made of slate.
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What was this artifact used for?
The pencil was part of a set of writing and drawing implements.
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What do we know about this artifact?
A slate pencil was used to write on a slate board and was made from a softer and lighter coloured stone. These could have been used for the education of lower ranking crew members.
ᐊᕿᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᔭᕋᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᖁᓕᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᕿᑦᑐᔭᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑏᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑖᓂ ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑳᐱᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ ᓂᕿᖃᐅᑎᖓᑕ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᕿᑦᑐᔭᒥᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᒻᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕈᑎᓄᓪᓗ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᕿᑦᑐᔮᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᒥᓂᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓯᒪᐅᑕᕐᒥ ᐊᕿᑦᑐᔮᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᖃᐅᓪᓗᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐅᔭᕋᖅ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᐅᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ.
Observed on HMS Terror, on lower deck
August 2019
ᐳᓪᓚᓲᖅ ᕿᔾᔮᖅᑐᒍ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᑎᐅᕈᒥ (HMS Terror), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᐊᐅᔅᒍᓯ 2019
Barrel organ
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Where was this artifact found?
This artifact has not been recovered. It was observed lying on its side on the lower deck of Terror in the forecastle/sick bay area.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The barrel organ box is made of wood with its mechanical parts made of wood and metal. It is flat topped with a central oval panel containing decorative dummy pipes.
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What was this artifact used for?
A barrel organ is a musical instrument played by turning a hand crank which inflates a set of bellows and rotates a pinned/stapled barrel that in turn opens selected pipes. During the long, cold winters aboard the ice-bound Erebus and Terror, keeping the crews entertained and morale up were important. This organ would not only have provided entertainment but also music for Sunday religious services.
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What do we know about this artifact?
In a letter dated May 16, 1845, Lieutenant John Irving of Terror stated: “We have a large hand-organ in each ship. One plays fifty tunes, ten of which are psalms and hymns. We bought it by subscription. ‘Music has charms,’ you see”.
To see a similar barrel organ visit: https://mus-col.com/en/collection/mmp/wind-instruments/organs/23938/
ᐳᓪᓚᓲᖅ ᕿᔾᔮᖅᑐᒍ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐄᒐᖓᔪᖅ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᑎᐅᕉᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᐅᑎᐅᑉ/ᐋᓐᓂᐅᓯᐅᑎᖃᐅᑦ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐳᓪᓚᓲᖅ ᕿᔾᔮᖅᑐᒍ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᒍᑎᖏᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᕿᔪᐃᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐃᓪᓗ. ᖁᓛ ᒪᓂᕋᑦᑐᓂ ᕿᑎᐊ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᕆᐊᑭᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᓐᖑᐊᕐᕕᒋᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᕙᓗᐊ ᐃᓗᓕᓕᒃ ᓱᓪᓗᓕᓐᖑᐊᓂᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐳᓪᓚᓲᖅ ᕿᔾᔮᖅᑐᒍ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᐊᒡᒐᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᓐᖏᔫᖅ ᐳᕕᕋᐃᒐᒥ ᓂᔾᔮᔪᒥᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᐃᐸᓪᓕᐊᓲᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᓐᓂᖓᓗ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᑕᖅᑎᑦᓯᓲᖅ ᓱᓪᓗᓕᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᐅᑭᐅᑯᑖᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᑭᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᑯᔾᔭᐅᒪᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (Erebus) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᕈᒥ (Terror), ᑭᐱᓐᖑᐃᔭᕈᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᑭᐊᑦᑖᖓᐃᑎᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᑖᓐᓇᓗ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᑭᐱᓐᖑᐃᔭᕈᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᓪᓛᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᐊᑎᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓈᑦᓰᖑᔭᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑎᑎᖅᑲᒥ ᐅᓪᓗᖓ ᒪᐃ 16, 1845-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓘᑕᓇᑦ ᔮᓐ ᐆᕐᕕᖕ (John Irving) ᑎᐅᕈᒦᑦᑐᓂ (Terror), ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ: “ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᐸᐅᔭᖃᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᒐᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖑᔪᓂ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ 50−ᓂᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᖁᓕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᓰᓪᓗ. ᓂᐅᕕᓚᐅᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᕆᐊᓕᒃᑯᑦ. “ᑐᓴᕐᓂᔮᑦ ᐊᑲᐅᓯᓇᕐᒪᑕ,” ᖃᐅᔨᓂᐊᖅᑐᑎᑦ.”
ᑕᖁᔪᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒐᓚᖓᓂᑦ ᓱᓪᓗᓕᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᕿᔾᔮᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᕐᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐅᕗᖓ: https://mus-col.com/en/collection/mmp/wind-instruments/organs/23938/
Observed on HMS Terror, on lower deck
August 2019
ᐳᓪᓚᓲᖅ ᕿᔾᔮᖅᑐᒍ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᑎᐅᕈᒥ (HMS Terror), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᐊᐅᔅᒍᓯ 2019
Music barrel
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Where was this artifact found?
This artifact has not been recovered. It was observed lying on its side on the lower deck of Terror in the forecastle/sick bay area.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The barrel is made of wood with metal pins and staples and it rests in its wooden sliding bracket.
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What was this artifact used for?
It was used with the nearby barrel organ (see barrel organ artifact) to play music for the ship’s crew, including hymns and psalms.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This barrel would have been placed in the organ and rotated by a hand crank. The pins and staples on the barrel selected the notes to be played by opening selected pipes. Barrels were interchangeable and multiple songs could be played by each barrel based on its placement within the instrument.
To hear a barrel organ being played see the video link below from the Polar Museum: https://vimeo.com/421449021
ᓂᔾᔭᐅᓯᔭᐅᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᓲᖅ ᕿᔾᔮᖅᑐᒍ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂ ᖁᓛᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᑎᐅᕈ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᐅᑎᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᐳᓪᓚᖅ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᖅ ᑭᔪᒻᒥᑦ ᑭᑭᐊᖏᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᔪᒻᒥ ᓯᐊᕐᕆᔭᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᕙᑖᒍᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐳᓚᓲᒧᑦ ᕿᔾᔮᖅᑐᒍ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᕐᒧᑦ (ᑕᑯᒋᐊᕈᒃ ᕿᔾᔮᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ) ᓂᔾᔭᐅᓯᔭᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᓰᑦ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑏᓪᓗ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐳᓪᓚᖅ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᒍᒫᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓗᐊᓄᑦ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᐅᑉ ᕿᔾᔮᒐᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᒡᒐᒻᒧᑦ. ᑭᑭᐊᖏᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᓕᐅᑉ ᓇᕿᑦᑕᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᓪᓕᐊᑎᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓱᓪᓗᓕᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᑐᓴᖅᓴᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐳᓪᓚᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᓰᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑐᓴᖅᓴᐅᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᓖᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᑐᓵᒍᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᓲᒥᒃ ᕿᔾᔮᖅᑐᒍ ᐱᐊᓇᐅᔭᕐᒥᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᐊᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᑯᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᒥ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐴᓚ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ (Polar Museum ): https://vimeo.com/421449021
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
August 2019
ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓐᖑᐊᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ (HMS Erebus), ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᐊᐅᔅᒍᓯ 2019
Artificial horizon set
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Where was this artifact found?
The complete box set (including an artificial horizon roof, mercury tray and mercury bottle) was recovered from the lower deck of Erebus in one of the lower ranked officer’s cabins.
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What material is this artifact made of?
While the instrument box is made of wood, the artificial horizon roof is made of brass and glass; the tray and bottle are both made of ferrous metal.
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What was this artifact used for?
Mercurial artificial horizons were used with sextants to determine latitude when the horizon was not visible, due to poor visibility or when obstacles such as ice obscured the horizon. This roof was used to cover a mercury-filled tray that actually created the artificial horizon, and acted as a mirror.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This navigational instrument may bear its owner’s name/initials, whether an individual or government institution. This will be confirmed following conservation treatment.
There were multiple artificial horizons on the ship belonging to, or used by, the officers.
To see what an artificial horizon box set typically contained and how the instrument was used, see this image from the Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum: https://arcticcollections.bowdoin.edu
ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓐᖑᐊᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐊᑕᖏᖅᑐᑦ ᐴᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ (ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓐᖑᐊᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᑦ, ᒨᑯᕆᓕᒃ ᐊᓪᓕᕋᐅᔭᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒨᑯᕆᓕᒃ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ) ᐱᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᖁᓛᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᑦ ᐃᓪᓘᔭᖓᑕ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑎᐅᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ ᑲᒪᔩᑦ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᖃᐅᑦ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓐᖑᐊᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕈᑏᓪᓕ ᖁᓛᖓ ᕿᓪᓕᖅᑑᓪᓗᓕ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓕᒍᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓚᖓ; ᐊᓪᓕᕋᐅᔭᖅ ᐊᓕᒍᕐᓗ ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᑦᓴᔭᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᒪᔫᒃ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᒨᑯᕆᒥᑦ ᐃᒪᓖᑦ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓐᖑᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᒥᑦ ᓂᒋᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᓯᕗᓂᕆᔭᖅ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᓐᓇᒍ, ᑕᑯᕕᑦᓴᐅᑦᓯᐊᑎᓐᓇᒍᓗ ᐅᕙᓗ ᓯᑯᐃᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᕐᒥᑦ. ᑖᑦᓱᒪ ᖁᓛᖓ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᓕᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓪᓕᕋᐅᔭᕐᒥᑦ ᒨᖁᕆᓕᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᓲᕐᓗ ᓯᕗᓂᓐᖑᐊᕆᓕᐅᑎᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑎᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᕐᕋᖅᑑᑎᓕᐊᖑᓪᓗᓂᓗ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑦ ᐃᓄᐊᑕ ᐊᑎᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᐃᓪᓗᑭᐊᖅ ᑎᒥᖁᑎᖓ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᐅᓕᓂᐊᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᐃᑦ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓐᖑᐊᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕈᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐱᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ, ᐅᕙᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓐᓂᑯᐃᑦ, ᑲᒪᔨᐅᔪᓄᑦ.
ᑕᑯᒋᐊᕈᒪᒍᕕᒋᑦ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ ᓯᕗᓐᖑᐊᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕈᑏᑦ ᐴᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᖃᓄᕐᓗ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ, ᑕᑯᒋᐊᕈᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ ᐱᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᕆ−ᒪᒃᒥᓚᓐ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᑕᖁᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ: https://arcticcollections.bowdoin.edu
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Epaulettes from officer’s uniform
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Where was this artifact found?
This pair of epaulettes was discovered in its box, within what is believed to be the 3rd Lieutenant’s Cabin, on the lower deck.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The solid upper part of each epaulette, called the bonnet, is made of twisted gold plated silver wires over sheet metal. Fringe-like gold bullions are attached to the sides.
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What was this artifact used for?
Epaulettes were part of a British Royal Navy officer’s dress uniform, worn over the shoulders of a coat so that the fringe-like bullions dangle downwards. These epaulettes are specific to the rank of lieutenant.
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What do we know about this artifact?
These epaulettes may have been those of 3rd Lieutenant James Walter Fairholme of HMS Erebus.
ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑎ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖓᑕ ᐃᓚᖓ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᓗᓂ ᕿᔪᖁᑎᒥᑦ, ᑕᐃᑲᖔᕋᓱᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᖓᔪᖓ ᓗᑕᓇᑦ ᓯᓂᒡᕕᖓᓂᑦ, ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᖅ ᐅᓕᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᔭᐃᑲᖓᑕ ᖄᖓᓂ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᒍᓗᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᐊᕙᓗᐊ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᖕᒧᑦ. ᒍᓗ ᐱᐅᓴᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᑕᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐊᓐᓄᕌ ᐃᓚᕕᓂᖓ ᐳᑎᔅ ᑯᐃᖕ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑎᖏᑦᑕ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖓ. ᐅᓇ ᑕᐃᑲᖔᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᖅ ᓘᑕᓇᑦ
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖅ ᐱᕕᓂᖓ ᐱᖓᔪᖓᑕ ᓗᑕᓇᑦ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ ᒍᐊᑐ ᕕᐅᕼᐅᒻ ᑕᒡᕙᖓᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Stamp
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Where was this artifact found?
This stamp was discovered inside built-in furniture in what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry (storage room), on the lower deck.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This stamp is made of 3 pewter pieces pressed together with lettering “Ed. Hoar” and an image of an anchor on its stamping surface.
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What was this artifact used for?
Stamps like this were used to identify documents or clothing articles with ink.
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What do we know about this artifact?
According to Erebus’ muster (crew) list, Edmund Hoar was Sir John Franklin’s steward, or personal assistant. He was 23 years old when the ship sailed on the expedition and came from Portsea, England.
ᐊᕿᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐅᔭᖅ ᓂᐱᐅᑎ ᑎᑎᖃᒧᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓗᐊᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒧᑦ ᐊᒧᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᐃᑲᖓᐅᓇᓱᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᐱᑕᓐ ᐱᔨᖓᑕ ᓂᕿᓕᕆᕕᖓᓂ, ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑎᑎᖃᓄᑦ ᓂᐱᐅᑎ ᐱᖓᓲᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᕿᑕᐅᓂᑯᑦ ᑎᑎᖃᖃᖅᖢᓂ “Ed. Hoar” ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒃᑕᖁᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᐱᐅᑎᕕᓂᖓ ᑎᑎᖃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᑎᑎᖃᓄᑦ ᐅᒡᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕋᓄᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᒪᓕᒡᖢᒍ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑎᑦ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᕼᐊ ᐅᓇ ᓲ ᔮᓐ ᕗᓚᒃᓚ ᐱᔨᕕᓂᖓ. ᐅᑭᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 23-ᓂᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓯᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᑲᖔᖅᖢᓂ ᐳᐊᑦᓰ, ᐃᖕᓚᓐᑦ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Sealing wax
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Where was this artifact found?
It was discovered in what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry (storage room), on the lower deck.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This sealing wax is made of a mix of shellac and turpentine, with vermilion and chalk.
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What was this artifact used for?
Sealing wax was used to seal letters and envelopes. It would be melted, dripped on an envelope or letter, and stamped. This piece is marked “Extra Fine London” and by a horse and rider motif.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The end of this piece bears a fingerprint of its last user. In 1859 the McClintock Expedition found a similar piece in a boat near the shore of Erebus Bay.
ᓂᐱᐅᑎ ᑎᑎᖃᒧᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᐱᑕᓐ ᐱᔨᖓᑕ ᓂᕿᓕᕆᕕᖓᓂ, ᐊᖅᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᓇᕿᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓂᐱᖁᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᓛᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑑᐱᓐᑕᐃᓐ, ᐊᐅᐸᖅᑐᖅ ᕙᒃᔅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᖓ
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᓂᐱᐅᑎᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᖅ ᑎᑎᖃᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐴᒃᓴᓄᑦ. ᑎᑎᕋᖃᖅᖢᓂ “Extra Fine London” ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᒥᕐᔪᐊᖑᐊᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑭᒪᖑᐊᖅᑐᖅ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᓱᖓ ᓇᑎᑕᕕᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᖅ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ. ᑕᐃᑲᓂ 1859 ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᒥᒃᑭᓕᖕᑖᒃ ᑕᒪᐅᖓᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓇᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔨᖃᓴᑦᑎᐊᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᐊᕐᒥ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᓯᒡᔭᖓᓂ ᐃᐅᕆᐸᔅ ᐸᐃ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
August 2019
ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᐋᒍᓯ 2019
Decanter/Eau de toilette bottle
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Where was this artifact found?
This glass bottle was discovered on the lower deck, in the officers’ mess area.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The bottle and stopper are made of colourless glass.
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What was this artifact used for?
Given its location, this bottle was probably used for alcohol, such as brandy or port.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This bottle was found intact, with its stopper in place. Analysis will be conducted to find out what is contained.
ᐊᓕᒍᖅ/ᖃᓘᑎ ᐅᐊᓇᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ, ᓴᓇᔨᖓᑕ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓵᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᐃᒪᖃᐅᑎᕕᓂᖅ ᒪᑐᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᐊᓕᒎᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᖅᓴᖃᕋᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᒪᓕᒡᖢᒍ ᓇᓃᓐᓂᖓ, ᐅᓇ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᐃᒪᖃᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᖕᒥᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐳᓚᓐᑎ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓱᕋᒃᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᒪᑐᐊᖅᖢᓂ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᓱᒡᖢᑎᒃ ᑭᓱᒥᒃ ᐃᒪᖃᕐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑦ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Hairbrush
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Where was this artifact found?
This hairbrush was discovered on the lower deck, in one of the officers’ cabins.
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What material is this artifact made of?
This object has a satinwood handle, with unidentified bristles.
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What was this artifact used for?
Given its high quality and where it was found, the hairbrush was likely used by one of the officers.
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What do we know about this artifact?
A few human hairs were collected from the brush’s bristles. These could help to identify its owner or user(s) by DNA analysis.
ᐃᓪᓚᐃᒍᑎ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ, ᓴᓇᔨᖓᑕ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᕈᓯᖓᓂᑦ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐱᖁᑎ ᕿᔪᖕᒥᒃ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᕐᕕᓕᒃ, ᓇᓗᓇᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᓄᔭᖅᑕᖃᖅᖢᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑕᑯᓪᓗᒍ ᐋᕿᑦᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᑭ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓂᖓ, ᐅᓇ ᐱᖁᑎ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐃᓚᖓᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᓴᓇᔨᓂᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᒥᓲᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓅᑉ ᓄᔭᖏᑦ ᐲᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᐃᓪᓚᐃᒍᑎᒥᑦ. ᐃᑲᔫᑎᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕈᑎᒋᓗᒋᑦ ᑭᓇᐅᑉ ᐱᒋᓚᐅᕐᒪᖔᒍ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎᒃ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑉ
ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2019
Pencil case
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Where was this artifact found?
This pencil case was discovered in a drawer, in built-in furniture in what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry (storage room), on the lower deck.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The case is made of wood (cedar) with copper alloy hinges and closure.
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What was this artifact used for?
This pencil case would have originally contained an assortment of lead and slate pencils, several of which were found in the same drawer.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This case and the pencils it contained may have been used by officers for scientific work and for teaching lessons aboard HMS Erebus.
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᖃᕐᕕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒧᔭᖅᑐᐊᓂ, ᐃᒻᒪᖄ ᑲᐱᑕᓐ ᐱᔨᖓᑕ ᓂᕿᓕᕆᕕᖓᓂ, ᐊᑦᑎᖕᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᓇᑎᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐴᖅ ᑭᔪ (ᓰᑐ) ᑲᓄᔭᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑦᑕᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᑐᖓᓂ
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐃᓗᐊᓃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᓕᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᑦ, ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᑖᔅᓱᒪᑦᑕᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᒧᔭᖅᑐᖅ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᐅᒃ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐴᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᑦ ᓴᓇᔨᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓴᓇᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ/ᐅᒡᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᑭᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᐅᕋᐸᔅ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᑭᒍᑎᓯᐅᑏᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ, ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ
ᓰᑦᑏᕙ 2019
Toothbrush
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Where was this artifact found?
It was discovered on the lower deck, within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The toothbrush handle is made of ivory, while the bristles are made of horse hair.
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What was this artifact used for?
Given its quality and location on the wreck, the toothbrush may have been used by the Captain’s Steward Edmund Hoar or an officer.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The artefact bears the inscription “METCALFE 130B OXFORD”, indicating it was retailed by Metcalfe, Bingley & Co., who had a store on Oxford Street, London.
Toothbrush
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Where was this artifact found?
It was discovered on the lower deck, within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The toothbrush handle is made of ivory, while the bristles are made of horse hair.
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What was this artifact used for?
Given its quality and location on the wreck, the toothbrush may have been used by the Captain’s Steward Edmund Hoar or an officer.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The artefact bears the inscription “METCALFE 130B OXFORD”, indicating it was retailed by Metcalfe, Bingley & Co., who had a store on Oxford Street, London.
ᑭᒍᑎᓯᐅᑏᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᖓᓂ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑭᒍᑎᓯᐅᑦ ᐃᐳᖓ ᑑᖔᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᕿᒧᑦᓯᐅᒻᒧᑦ ᓄᔭᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓪᓚᐃᒍᑎᐅᔭᖏᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᓴᓇᒻᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕕᖓᓗ ᐱᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒦᔭᕐᓂᑯᒥᓂᕐᒥ, ᑭᒍᑎᓯᐅᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᖅ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᑦᒪᓐ ᕼᐅᐊᒧᑦ ᑲᒪᔨᒻᒪᕆᒻᒧᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖏᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᔪᑦ “METCALFE 130B OXFORD”, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑐᖅ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᑦᓴᒥᓂᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᐊᑕ ᑐᕌᕈᑎᖓ ᐋᒃᓯᕗᑦ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖓᓂ ᓚᓐᑕᓐᒥ.
ᑭᒍᑎᓯᐅᑏᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᖓᓂ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑭᒍᑎᓯᐅᑦ ᐃᐳᖓ ᑑᖔᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᕿᒧᑦᓯᐅᒻᒧᑦ ᓄᔭᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓪᓚᐃᒍᑎᐅᔭᖏᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᓴᓇᒻᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕕᖓᓗ ᐱᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒦᔭᕐᓂᑯᒥᓂᕐᒥ, ᑭᒍᑎᓯᐅᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᖅ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᑦᒪᓐ ᕼᐅᐊᒧᑦ ᑲᒪᔨᒻᒪᕆᒻᒧᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖏᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᔪᑦ “METCALFE 130B OXFORD”, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑐᖅ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᑦᓴᒥᓂᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᐊᑕ ᑐᕌᕈᑎᖓ ᐋᒃᓯᕗᑦ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖓᓂ ᓚᓐᑕᓐᒥ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐱᑦᑕᕇᑦ 47 ᔭᕐᕋᐃᑦ, ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᓪᓕᕋᐸᐅᔭᐃᑦ, ᖃᔪᖅᑑᑏᑦ, ᖃᓚᓯᒪᔪᓂᓐᓗ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᐃᕖᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ, ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᐊᑉᐸᓯᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓰᑦᑏᕙ 2019
Ceramic dinnerware set
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Where was this artifact found?
The ceramics were discovered stacked together on the lower deck, within the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The dishes are made of whiteware, and decorated with a flow blue “Whampoa” pattern.
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What was this artifact used for?
These may have been owned by Sir John Franklin and used for day-to-day meals at his table especially with invited officers.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Most of the pieces show a floral “Whampoa” crest on their undersides, as well as a Royal arms, with the inscription: “Opaque Granite China” and “W R & Co”. This maker’s mark is associated with William Ridgway & Co, Staffordshire Potteries, in operation between 1834 and 1854.
Ceramic dinnerware set
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Where was this artifact found?
The ceramics were discovered stacked together on the lower deck, within the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The dishes are made of whiteware, and decorated with a flow blue “Whampoa” pattern.
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What was this artifact used for?
These may have been owned by Sir John Franklin and used for day-to-day meals at his table especially with invited officers.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Most of the pieces show a floral “Whampoa” crest on their undersides, as well as a Royal arms, with the inscription: “Opaque Granite China” and “W R & Co”. This maker’s mark is associated with William Ridgway & Co, Staffordshire Potteries, in operation between 1834 and 1854.
ᔭᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᓂᕐᕆᑏᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᔭᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᖁᓕᕇᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ, ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓂᕐᕆᑏᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᑦ ᔭᕐᕋᒥᑦ, ᑐᖑᔪᖅᑕᓂᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᓖᑦ “ᓴᐃᓃᓰᑦ” ᑕᖅᓴᖏᓐᓂᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐱᒋᔭᕕᓃᑦ ᓲ ᔮᓐ ᕗᕋᐃᖕᓕᓐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᑲᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᓂᕆᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᓵᒥᓂ ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᖃᐃᖅᑯᔨᓯᒪᓕᕋᐃᒐᒥ ᑲᒪᔨᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓂᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑕᒪᕐᒥᑲᓴᒃ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᓐᖑᐊᓂᑦ “ᓴᐃᓃᓰᑦ” ᑕᖅᓴᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᓖᑦ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖏᓐᓂ, ᑎᑎᖅᕋᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᔪᓂᑦ “Opaque Granite China” ᐃᒪᓐᓇᓗ “W R & Co”. ᓴᓇᔪᒥᓂᐅᑉ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᔪᑦ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ William Ridgway & Co, Staffordshire ᔭᕐᕋᓕᐅᖅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ 1834 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 1854.
ᔭᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᓂᕐᕆᑏᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᕇᑦ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᔭᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᖁᓕᕇᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ, ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓂᕐᕆᑏᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᑦ ᔭᕐᕋᒥᑦ, ᑐᖑᔪᖅᑕᓂᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᓖᑦ “ᓴᐃᓃᓰᑦ” ᑕᖅᓴᖏᓐᓂᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐱᒋᔭᕕᓃᑦ ᓲ ᔮᓐ ᕗᕋᐃᖕᓕᓐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᑲᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᓂᕆᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᓵᒥᓂ ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᖃᐃᖅᑯᔨᓯᒪᓕᕋᐃᒐᒥ ᑲᒪᔨᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓂᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑕᒪᕐᒥᑲᓴᒃ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᓐᖑᐊᓂᑦ “ᓴᐃᓃᓰᑦ” ᑕᖅᓴᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᓖᑦ ᓴᓂᕌᓂ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖏᓐᓂ, ᑎᑎᖅᕋᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᔪᓂᑦ “Opaque Granite China” ᐃᒪᓐᓇᓗ “W R & Co”. ᓴᓇᔪᒥᓂᐅᑉ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᔪᑦ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ William Ridgway & Co, Staffordshire ᔭᕐᕋᓕᐅᖅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ 1834 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 1854.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐅᐃᕖᓄᑦ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ, ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᐊᑉᐸᓯᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓰᑦᑏᕙ 2019
Accordion
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Where was this artifact found?
The fragmentary accordion was found on the lower deck within the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry, immediately adjacent to stacked dinnerware.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The remnants of the accordion are composed of rosewood, leather, mother of pearl, brass and nickel alloy (referred to as nickel silver).
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What was this artifact used for?
The Arctic winters would have been long, and having entertainment aboard could greatly improve moral. This accordion would have been used to make music and keep its owner and the other crew members entertained.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This appears to be a French accordion, often referred to as a flutina. Its decorative elements suggest that it may have been made by Busson, one of the most prolific accordion makers at the time.
Accordion
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Where was this artifact found?
The fragmentary accordion was found on the lower deck within the presumed Captain’s Steward’s pantry, immediately adjacent to stacked dinnerware.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The remnants of the accordion are composed of rosewood, leather, mother of pearl, brass and nickel alloy (referred to as nickel silver).
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What was this artifact used for?
The Arctic winters would have been long, and having entertainment aboard could greatly improve moral. This accordion would have been used to make music and keep its owner and the other crew members entertained.
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What do we know about this artifact?
This appears to be a French accordion, often referred to as a flutina. Its decorative elements suggest that it may have been made by Busson, one of the most prolific accordion makers at the time.
ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ, ᑕᕙᓂᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᖁᓕᕇᑦ ᓂᕐᕇᑏᑦ ᐃᓂᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᒥᐊᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᒥᓂᐅᑉ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᑦ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ, ᐃᖃᖅᑎᒐᔭᐅᔭᒥᑦ, ᓴᐸᖓᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᑲᑯᖅᑕᒥᑦ, ᓴᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ, .ᑭᓇᐅᔭᑦᓴᒥᓪᓗ (ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓯᐅᓪᕗᕆ).
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐅᑯᐅᒃᑯᑖᖑᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᑭᐱᓐᖑᐃᔭᐅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓯᖃᑦᑕᑐᑦᓴᐅᓂᖅᑯᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᑐᑦᓴᐅᓂᖅᑯᖅ ᑐᓴᕐᓂᔮᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓇᓐᒥᓂᖁᑎᓕᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑏᓪᓗ ᖁᓐᖏᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓇ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐅᐃᕖᑦ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᑦᓴᔭᒋᖅᑰᖅᑕᖓ, ᑕᐃᔭᐅᒐᔪᑦᑐᖅ ᕗᓘᑏᓇᒥᑦ. ᑕᑯᒥᓇᓗᖅᑯᑕᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᓗᒋᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᐅᖅᑰᖅᑐᖅ ᕕᐅᓴᓐᒧᑦ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᓯᑎᐅᓛᖑᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ.
ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ, ᑕᕙᓂᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᖁᓕᕇᑦ ᓂᕐᕇᑏᑦ ᐃᓂᖓᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐊᒥᐊᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᒥᓂᐅᑉ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᑦ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ, ᐃᖃᖅᑎᒐᔭᐅᔭᒥᑦ, ᓴᐸᖓᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᑲᑯᖅᑕᒥᑦ, ᓴᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ, .ᑭᓇᐅᔭᑦᓴᒥᓪᓗ (ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᓯᐅᓪᕗᕆ).
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐅᑯᐅᒃᑯᑖᖑᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᑭᐱᓐᖑᐃᔭᐅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓯᖃᑦᑕᑐᑦᓴᐅᓂᖅᑯᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᑐᑦᓴᐅᓂᖅᑯᖅ ᑐᓴᕐᓂᔮᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓇᓐᒥᓂᖁᑎᓕᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑏᓪᓗ ᖁᓐᖏᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓇ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐅᐃᕖᑦ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᑦᓴᔭᒋᖅᑰᖅᑕᖓ, ᑕᐃᔭᐅᒐᔪᑦᑐᖅ ᕗᓘᑏᓇᒥᑦ. ᑕᑯᒥᓇᓗᖅᑯᑕᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᓗᒋᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᐅᖅᑰᖅᑐᖅ ᕕᐅᓴᓐᒧᑦ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓐᖏᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᓯᑎᐅᓛᖑᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ.
Observed on HMS Erebus, in the main hold
September 2019
ᕿᓚᕈᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ, ᓂᕈᑐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓰᑦᑏᕙ 2019
Tourniquet
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Where was this artifact found?
This artifact has not been recovered. This Petit-type tourniquet was documented during remotely-operated vehicle exploration of the main hold, below the lower deck. It almost certainly fell into the hold from above.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The screw and handle are probably made of copper alloy, while the strap would be canvas or leather.
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What was this artifact used for?
This medical device was used in case of severe injury to control bleeding by tightening its strap around a limb.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Tourniquets were an integral part of medical kits aboard Royal Navy vessels. A similar tourniquet was found by the Schwatka Expedition south of Victory Point.
ᓂᒥᑦᓴᔭ ᕿᓚᕈᑎ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᐅᓇ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᖅ−ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖓ ᓂᒥᑦᓴᔭ ᑎᑎᖅᑕᐅᖃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᒐᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔫᒧᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᕈᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᓗᓪᓚᕆᖓᓂ, ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ. ᑲᑕᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᖁᓛᓂᑦ ᑭᓪᓚᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᓪᓗᐊᑲᓴᖓᓄᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᕿᔾᔮᖓ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᕐᕕᖓᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᓴᓇᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᒥᑦ, ᕿᓚᕈᑎᖓᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑐᐱᑦᓴᔭ ᐅᒡᕙᓗ ᐃᑲᖅᑎᒐᔭᐅᔭ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᐃᓱᐊᖅᓴᐅᑎ ᓂᒥᑦᓴᔭ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐋᓐᓂᖅᑐᖃᑳᓪᓚᑉᐸᑦ ᐊᐅᓗᐊᕇᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᒥᖅᓯᒍᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓂᒥᑦᓴᔭᐃᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᒃᑯᒫᖑᕙᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓱᐊᖅᓴᐃᒍᑎᑦᓴᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᑭᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖏᑕ. ᐊᔾᔨᒐᓚᖓ ᓂᒥᑦᓴᔭ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᓯᑯᐊᒃᑲᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᓱᐊᖅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ ᑲᖏᖢᓄᐊᑉ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᕗᕆᑎᓐᒥᐅᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ, ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᐊᑉᐸᓯᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓰᑦᑏᕙ 2019
British coin
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Where was this artifact found?
The coin was discovered on the lower deck, with others, within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The coin is made of copper.
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What was this artifact used for?
British onepence and twopence coins, also called ‘Cartwheels’, were produced at the Soho mint in Birmingham from 1797 and were made to contain their value in copper.
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What do we know about this artifact?
The coin has a central handmade hole, similar to Chinese coins found nearby. The holes allowed the owner to string the coins together. It is probable that this coin belonged to Edmund Hoar, the Captain’s Steward.
ᕗᕆᑎᔅᑯᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᑖᑦᓱᒪ, ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᓯᖃᓕ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᔭ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᕗᕆᑎᔅ ᐅᐊᓴᖏᑦ ᑑᓴᖏᓪᓗ ᓯᖃᓖᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᑦ, ᑕᐃᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ‘ᐊᑦᓴᑳᑎᒐᐃᑦ’, ᓴᓇᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓲᕼᐅ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᖅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᕘᒥᓐᕼᒥ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 1797−ᒥᓂᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᓇᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᒥᑦ ᐊᑭᖃᑦᓯᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᐅᓇ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᓯᖃᓕ ᕿᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᒡᒐᒻᒧᑦ ᑭᓚᑦᑕᐅᓂᑯ, ᐊᔾᔨᒐᓚᓕᒃ ᓴᐃᓃᓰᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᖃᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖁᑎᓖᑦ ᑭᓚᑦᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᕕᕕᓕᐅᖅᐸᓐᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᑲᑎᓐᖓᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᑦᒪᓐ ᕼᐅᐊᒧᑦ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᓴᐃᓃᓰᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥᑦ, ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᐊᑉᐸᓯᓐᓂᖓᓂ
ᓰᑦᑏᕙ 2019
Chinese coin
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Where was this artifact found?
The coin was discovered with other similar coins on the lower deck, within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry.
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What material is this artifact made of?
The coin is made of copper alloy or brass.
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What was this artifact used for?
Chinese cash coins were used as currency in China, but also as charms. The Qianlong Tongbao coin was first minted during the reign of the fifth emperor of the Qing Dynasty in the 18th century.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Captain’s Steward Edmund Hoar, Commander James Fitzjames, and Surgeon Stephen Stanley served aboard HMS Cornwallis in China during the First Opium War (1838-1842). It is probable that the coins were acquired by Hoar at that time.
ᓴᐃᓃᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᓯᖃᓕ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᒻᒧᐊᓐᓂ ᓯᖃᓖᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒐᓚᖏᑦᑕ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᖓᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑖᓐᓇ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅ ᓯᖃᓕ ᑲᓐᓄᔭᔭ ᐅᕙᓗ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᑦᓴᒥᓂᖅ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᓴᐃᓃᓰᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᑦ ᓯᖃᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ, ᐱᐅᓗᖅᑯᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ. ᑭᐊᓐᓛᖕ ᑖᓐᐸᐅ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᒋᐊᓐᖓᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᕐᔪᐊᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᕿᓐ ᐊᑕᓂᕆᔭᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ 18-Hᓐᓇᓚᖏᓐᓂ.
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᑳᐱᑕ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ ᐃᑦᒪᓐ ᕼᐊ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᔭᐃᒥᓯ ᕕᑦᔾᔭᐃᒻᔅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓚᑦᑐᐃᔨ ᓯᑏᕙᓐ ᓯᑖᓐᓕ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᖅᑎᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖ ᑯᐊᓐᐅᐊᓕᔅᒥ ᓴᐃᓃᓰᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑑᑎᒋᐊᓐᖓᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐅᐱᐊᒻ ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᖃᖅᓪᓗᒋᑦ (1838-1842). ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᐃᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᕼᐅᐊᑉ.
Recovered from HMS Erebus, on lower deck
September 2019
ᐆᑦᑑᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒌᓕᒃ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒥ ᐊᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᓰᑦᑏᕙ 2019.
ᓰᑦᑏᕙ 2019
Parallel rule
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Where was this artifact found?
These two parts of a hinged parallel rule were discovered on the lower deck within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry. They were found amongst a range of other writing implements.
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What material is this artifact made of?
They are made of mahogany.
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What was this artifact used for?
A parallel rule is used to draw parallel lines on navigational charts or while drawing. A complete example can be seen here: https://www.si.edu/object/hinged-parallel-rule:nmah_690219.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Interestingly the smaller piece is marked with the name “Fred Hornby”. Frederick John Hornby was the Third Mate of HMS Terror at the outset of the Franklin Expedition. We do not know why his parallel rule was on Erebus. It is possible he transferred to the ship, loaned it, or it came aboard for some other reason(s). A sextant and silver cutlery belonging to Hornby were found on King William Island in 1859.
Parallel rule
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Where was this artifact found?
These two parts of a hinged parallel rule were discovered on the lower deck within what is believed to be the Captain’s Steward’s pantry. They were found amongst a range of other writing implements.
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What material is this artifact made of?
They are made of mahogany.
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What was this artifact used for?
A parallel rule is used to draw parallel lines on navigational charts or while drawing. A complete example can be seen here: https://www.si.edu/object/hinged-parallel-rule:nmah_690219.
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What do we know about this artifact?
Interestingly the smaller piece is marked with the name “Fred Hornby”. Frederick John Hornby was the Third Mate of HMS Terror at the outset of the Franklin Expedition. We do not know why his parallel rule was on Erebus. It is possible he transferred to the ship, loaned it, or it came aboard for some other reason(s). A sextant and silver cutlery belonging to Hornby were found on King William Island in 1859.
ᐆᑦᑑᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒌᓕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒌᓐᓂᑦ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᓕᒃ ᕿᕕᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑎᔫᒃ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᖓᓂ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ. ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔫᒃ ᐃᒻᒧᐊᓐᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒐᓚᐃᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓯᑎᔪᔭᒥᑦ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔫᒃ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒌᓐᓂᑦ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᓕᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᕈᑕᐅᓲᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᕙᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓚᖓᔪᒥ ᐅᕙᓗ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᕆᐊᓕᒻᒧᑦ. ᓈᒪᔪᖅ ᐆᑦᑑᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᑦᓴᖅ ᐅᕙᓂ: https://www.si.edu/object/hinged-parallel-rule:nmah_690219
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᖃᐅᔨᒍᒥᓇᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᒋᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᒫᒃ “ᕗᕋᑦ ᕼᐅᐊᓐᐱ”. ᑖᓐᓇ ᕗᕋᑐᕆᒃ ᔮᓐ ᕼᐅᐊᓐᐱ ᐱᖓᔪᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᑎᐅᕈᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕆᐊᓐᖓᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᕗᕋᐃᖕᓕᓐ ᐱᓇᓱᖃᑎᖏᓪᓗ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᒍᑦ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐆᑦᑑᑎ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒨᕐᓂᕐᒪᖕᒑᑦ. ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᐃᑭᓯᒐᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒃᑲᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓ, ᐅᒡᕙᓗ ᖃᓄᑭᐊᖅ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᒃ. ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᐆᑦᑑᑎ ᓂᕆᒍᑏᓪᓗ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐃᑦ ᓯᐅᓪᕗᕇᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᕼᐅᐊᓐᐱᐅᑉ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᒥ 1859−ᒥ.
ᐆᑦᑑᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒌᓕᒃ
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ᓇᑭᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙ?
ᐅᓇ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒌᓐᓂᑦ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᓕᒃ ᕿᕕᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑎᔫᒃ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑑᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᐊᓪᓕᖓᓂ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑭᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓂᖓᓂ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᓐ ᓯᑐᐊᑦ. ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔫᒃ ᐃᒻᒧᐊᓐᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᒐᓚᐃᑦ.
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ᑭᓱᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᓯᑎᔪᔭᒥᑦ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔫᒃ.
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ᑭᓱᒧᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐆᓲᕕᓂᖅ?
ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒌᓐᓂᑦ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᓕᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᕈᑕᐅᓲᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᕙᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓚᖓᔪᒥ ᐅᕙᓗ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᕆᐊᓕᒻᒧᑦ. ᓈᒪᔪᖅ ᐆᑦᑑᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᑦᓴᖅ ᐅᕙᓂ: https://www.si.edu/object/hinged-parallel-rule:nmah_690219
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ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕙ ᐅᓇ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᖅ?
ᖃᐅᔨᒍᒥᓇᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᒋᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᒫᒃ “ᕗᕋᑦ ᕼᐅᐊᓐᐱ”. ᑖᓐᓇ ᕗᕋᑐᕆᒃ ᔮᓐ ᕼᐅᐊᓐᐱ ᐱᖓᔪᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑯᐃᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖁᑖᓂ ᑎᐅᕈᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕆᐊᓐᖓᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᕗᕋᐃᖕᓕᓐ ᐱᓇᓱᖃᑎᖏᓪᓗ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᒍᑦ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐆᑦᑑᑎ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᕆᐸᔅᒨᕐᓂᕐᒪᖕᒑᑦ. ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᑉ ᐃᑭᓯᒐᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒃᑲᖅᑕᒥᓂᖓ, ᐅᒡᕙᓗ ᖃᓄᑭᐊᖅ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᒃ. ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᐆᑦᑑᑎ ᓂᕆᒍᑏᓪᓗ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐃᑦ ᓯᐅᓪᕗᕇᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᕼᐅᐊᓐᐱᐅᑉ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᒥ 1859−ᒥ.
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