Montréal's Birthplace National Historic Site of Canada
Montréal, Quebec
General view
© Alain Vandal, Pointe-à-Callière Archaeological Field School / École de fouilles de Pointe-à-Callière, 2007.
Address :
214 Place d'Youville, Montréal, Quebec
Recognition Statute:
Historic Sites and Monuments Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. H-4)
Designation Date:
1924-06-04
Dates:
-
1642 to 1642
(Significant)
-
1645 to 1645
(Significant)
Event, Person, Organization:
-
Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve National Historic Person
(Person)
-
The Pointe-à-Callière Archaeological Field School
(Organization)
-
Iroquois
(People, group)
Other Name(s):
-
Montréal's Birthplace
(Designation Name)
-
Origins of Montréal
(Plaque name)
Research Report Number:
2008-CED-SDC-031
Plaque(s)
Existing plaque: Montréal Museum of Archaeology and History-Pointe-à-Callière 350 Place d'Youville, Montréal, Quebec
Here, in May of 1642, sieur de Maisonneuve founded Montréal. Located at the junction of the St. Lawrence River and the now-disappeared Petite rivière Saint-Pierre, this area was well known to Native peoples who for centuries met here and on the present site of Place Royale. The French built Fort Ville-Marie upon their arrival. Around 1688, Montréal's governor, Louis-Hector de Callière, acquired a portion of the area and built his residence, hence the name Pointe à Callière. This site which gave birth to Montréal also witnessed its transformation into one of Canada's great metropolitan centres.
Original Plaque: Old Customs House 165 Youville Square, Montréal, Quebec
Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, laid on this spot the foundation of Montreal, on 18th May, 1642. He built, in 1645, a fort 320 feet square, which was replaced thirty years later by the chateau of M. de Callières, after whom the place was named 'Pointe-à-Callières'.
Description of Historic Place
Montréal's Birthplace National Historic Site of Canada is located between de la Commune Street West and Place D’Youville in the Old Port of Montréal, in Quebec. The site marks the location where Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve laid the foundation of Montréal on May 18, 1642. The site consists of the remains of Fort Ville-Marie, also known as Fort Maisonneuve, which was built in 1645 at the request of Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve. There are no visible remains of the site. Official recognition refers to a circle, one hundred meters in diameter, centered on the remains of Fort Ville-Marie.
Heritage Value
Montréal's Birthplace was designated a national historic site of Canada, in 1924 because: it is the location where the Sieur de Maisonneuve founded Montréal, in May 1642.
The heritage value of Montréal’s Birthplace resides in its associations with the founding of the City of Montréal, as it was here that its founders landed on May 18, 1642. In command of the expedition, Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve, designated a national historic person of Canada, chose to land in what was soon to be called Ville-Marie with the goal of founding a city. The site, which gave birth to Montréal, also witnessed the city’s transformation into one of Canada's largest metropolitan centres.
The foundation of Montréal was marked by the construction of Fort Ville-Marie. The site was judged to be an ideal place to erect a defensive fort, at a time when tensions were high between the French settlers and the Iroquois, who had used the location as a meeting place for centuries. Built in 1645 by French settlers under the command of Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve, the original stone fort occupied a footprint of 97.5 square meters. Archaeological excavations have uncovered remains of Fort Ville-Marie.
Sources: Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Minutes, December 2008; Plaque text, June 1924, December 1997.
Character-Defining Elements
Key elements that contribute to the heritage character of the site include: its location between de la Commune Street West and Place D’Youville, in the Old Port of Montréal in Quebec; the remains of Fort Ville-Marie which testify to the strategic location of the fort; the integrity of any identified archaeological remains relating to Fort Ville-Marie, including sections of the stone walls, and metal-working installations; the integrity and materials of as yet unidentified archaeological remains, relating to the location where Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve founded Montréal, that may be found within the site in their original placement and extent; the spatial relationship between the remains of Fort Ville-Marie and those of the Catholic cemetery dating from 1643, which was constructed outside the Fort at the request of Maisonneuve; the continued association of the site with the founding of the City of Montréal; viewscapes from the site to the St. Lawrence River.