In the late 19th and early 20th century, tens of thousands of Italian men came to Canada in search of temporary employment. Often recruited by labour agents called padroni, these sojourners did backbreaking work in difficult conditions, producing steel, mining coal, and building essential infrastructure, such as railways, bridges, and canals. Despite discrimination, many decided to stay in Canada and arranged for their families and compatriots to join them. In cities across the country, they helped establish vibrant “Little Italy” neighbourhoods, which have become a lasting feature of the Canadian urban experience.