When their Saskatchewan homesteads were cancelled by the federal government, 5,000 Doukhobors led by Peter V. Verigin undertook one of the largest organized internal migrations in Canadian history. Between 1908 and 1913, they trekked to the interior of British Columbia where they operated sawmills, farms, brickworks, and jam factories that provided sustenance and income. Incorporated as the Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood in 1917, they formed one of North America's most successful communal enterprises, helping to keep alive the values elegantly expressed in their motto "toil and peaceful life."